Brazilwood

Brazilwood - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Brazilwood or Pau-Brasil, sometimes known as Pernambuco (Caesalpinia echinata syn. ... the 15th and 16th centuries, brazilwood was highly valued in Europe and ...
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{{Taxobox| color = lightgreen| name = Brazilwood| status = EN| image =| image_width = 250px| image_caption =| regnum = Plantae]| classis = Magnoliopsida| familia = [Caesalpiniaceae| genus = [Caesalpinia]| range_map = Distribution.ceasalpinia.echinata.png| range_map_width = 250px| range_map_caption = natural range-->

Brazilwood or Pau-Brasil, sometimes known as Pernambuco (Caesalpinia echinata syn. Guilandina echinata (Lam.) Spreng.) is a Brazilian timber tree. This plant has a dense, orange-red wood (which takes a high shine), and it is the premier wood used for making bow (music) for string instruments from the violin family. The wood also yields a red dye called brazilin, which oxidizes to brazilein.

Terminology When Portugal explorers found many of these red-hued trees on the coast of South America, they used the name pau-brasil to describe them: pau is Portuguese for "wood", and brasil is said to have come from brasa, Portuguese for "ember". This name was used earlier to describe a different species of tree which was found in Asia and other places and which also produced red dye; but the south american trees soon became the better source of red dye. Brazilwood trees were such a large part of the exports and economy of the land that the country which sprang up in that part of the world took its name from them and is now called Brazil.

Botanically, several tree species are involved in the family Leguminosae, the (legume family). The term "Brasilwood" is most often used to refer to the species Caesalpinia echinata, although it is also applied to other species. This Caesalpinia echinata is also known as Pau-de-Pernambuco (Pernambuco is also the name of a small state in Northeast Brazil).

In the bow making business, the best quality wood bows are made from "Caesalpinia Echinata" commonly known in the trade as "Pernambuco Wood", while bows of lesser quality wood are made from other tropical species often called "Brazilwood". "Pernambuco" and "Brazilwood" as used in the stringed instruments bows come from completely different species, contrary to some popular belief. Examples of "Brazilwood" species used for bows include "ipe" and "massaranduba", "Tabebuia avellanadae" and "Manilkara bidentata" respectively.

Historical importance , Brazil.In the 15th and 16th centuries, brazilwood was highly valued in Europe and quite difficult to get. Coming from Asia, it was traded in powder form and used as a brazilin in the manufacture of luxury textiles, such as velvet, in high demand during the Renaissance. When Portuguese navigators discovered present-day Brazil, on April 22, 1500, they immediately saw that brazilwood was extremely abundant along the coast and in its hinterland, along the rivers. In a few years, a hectic and very profitable operation for logging and transporting by shipping all the brazilwood logs they could get was established, as a crown-granted Portuguese monopoly. The rich commerce which soon followed stimulated other nations to try to harvest and smuggle brazilwood contraband out of Brazil, or even Privateer attacking loaded Portuguese ships in order to steal their cargo. For example, the unsuccessful attempt of a French expedition led by Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, vice-admiral of Brittany and corsair under the King, in 1555, to establish a colony in present-day Rio de Janeiro (France Antarctique) was motivated in part by the bounty generated by economic exploitation of brazilwood. In addition, this plant is also cited in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.

Exploitation Excessive exploitation led to a steep decrease in the number of brazilwood trees in the 18th century, causing the collapse of this economic activity. Presently, the species is nearly extinction in most of its original range. Brazilwood is listed as an endangered species by the IUCN, and it is cited in the official list of endangered flora of Brazil. The trade of brazilwood is likely to be banned in the immediate future, creating a major problem in the bow-making industry which highly values this wood. The International Pernambuco Conservation Initiative (IPCI), whose members are the bowmakers who rely on pernambuco for their livelihoods, is working to replant it. IPCI is advocating the use of other woods for violin bows as it raises money to plant pernambuco seedlings. The shortage of pernambuco has also helped the carbon fiber bow industry to thrive.

Tree of Music, a feature-length Documentary film on the plight of this species is currently in production.

External links

About Pernambuco Wood from a bowmaker's website.
USDA Plants Profile: Caesalpinia echinata
Flora Brasiliensis: Caesalpinia echinata
Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais: Caesalpinia echinata

Brazilwood - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Brazilwood or Pau-Brasil, sometimes known as Pernambuco (Caesalpinia echinata syn. Guilandina echinata (Lam.) Spreng.) is a Brazilian timber tree. This plant has a dense, orange ...

Fibrecrafts - The art of colour and textiles... Brazilwood - Natural ...
Brazilwood chips come from a tropical pulse tree which is commonly used for cabinetry and making violin bows. Used as a natural dye, it can colour fibres, yarns & fabrics to ...

Rowan Yarns
Rowan - The best in hand knitting design. ... Buy online from our internet stockists! Organic Cotton Naturally Dyed 982 Brazilwood

brazilwood definition of brazilwood in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
brazilwood, common name for several trees of the family Leguminosae (pulse pulse, in botany, common name for members of the Fabaceae (Leguminosae), a large plant family, called ...

Pernambuco & Brazilwood Bows Silver Gold Mounted Violin Viola Cello ...
The Midlands specialist violin shop run by . violin makers & restorers; established in 1986

brazilwood - definition of brazilwood by the Free Online Dictionary ...
The reddish wood of certain tropical trees or shrubs in the pea family, especially a Brazilian tree Caesalpinia echinata, whose wood is used for violin bows and as a source of a ...

brazilwood -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Britannica online encyclopedia article on brazilwood: dense, compact dyewood from any of various tropical trees whose extracts yield bright crimson and deep purple colours.

Product Details
Inventors of laminate flooring. Other flooring material like hardwood, vinyl, marble, granite, wood and ceramic tile can't match the looks you're able to achieve with a Pergo floor

Logwood and Brazilwood
Uses and image of Logwood, as well as Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata).

brazilwood: Definition and Much More from Answers.com
brazilwood ) n. The reddish wood of certain tropical trees or shrubs in the pea family, especially a Brazilian tree Caesalpinia echinata, whose wood